Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the ACTH(4-10) sequence, studied for neuroprotective effects, BDNF upregulation, and cognitive function in preclinical models.
Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of the adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment ACTH(4-7). It was developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics at the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1980s as part of a research programme into the cognitive and neuroprotective properties of ACTH-derived peptides.
The compound was specifically designed to retain the neuropeptide activity of ACTH(4-7) while eliminating the steroidal hormonal effects of the parent molecule. The C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro sequence was added to increase resistance to enzymatic degradation (Ashmarin et al., 1995).
Sequence: Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro
CAS Number: 80714-61-0
Molecular Weight: 887.02 Da
One of the most studied mechanisms of Semax is its effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB. Preclinical studies in rodent hippocampal tissue have documented significant upregulation of BDNF mRNA and protein following Semax administration. BDNF is a key regulator of synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and long-term potentiation (Dolotov et al., 2006).
Multiple rodent studies have investigated Semax in models of cerebral ischaemia and neonatal hypoxia-ischaemia. These studies report reduced infarct volume, attenuated oxidative stress markers, and preserved spatial memory performance in treated animals compared to controls. The proposed mechanisms involve BDNF-mediated survival signalling and modulation of the inflammatory cascade (Dolotov et al., 2006).
Preclinical research has examined Semax's interactions with monoaminergic systems, particularly the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways. Studies report modulation of receptor sensitivity and neurotransmitter release in brain regions associated with attention and working memory, though the precise mechanisms remain incompletely characterised.
Early research from the Institute of Molecular Genetics examined Semax in rodent learning and memory paradigms. Studies using maze models and passive avoidance tasks reported improved acquisition and retention of learned behaviours compared to control groups, at doses that did not produce generalized arousal effects (Ashmarin et al., 1995).
In-vitro and rodent research has examined Semax's effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, including TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Some studies report downregulation of these markers in CNS tissue following ischaemic injury, suggesting a modulatory role in neuroinflammatory cascades.
| Research Area | Model | Key Findings |
|---|---|---|
| BDNF expression | Rat hippocampus (neonatal hypoxia) | Upregulation of BDNF and TrkB mRNA |
| Neuroprotection | Rodent ischaemia models | Reduced infarct volume, preserved memory |
| Cognition | Rodent maze paradigms | Improved learning acquisition and retention |
| Neuroinflammation | Rat brain tissue | Reduced inflammatory cytokine expression |
| Monoamine systems | Rodent CNS | Modulation of dopamine and serotonin pathways |
The published Semax literature is concentrated within Russian academic institutions, and the majority of studies are preclinical (rodent models). Human clinical trial data is limited. Independent replication of findings in non-Russian laboratories is an area for ongoing research.
1. Ashmarin IP, Nezavibat'ko VN, Levitskaya NG, Koshelev VB, Kamensky AA. "A search for nootropic preparations on the basis of the ACTH 4-7 analogue Semax." *Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti Im I P Pavlova.* 1995;45(3):419-428.
2. Dolotov OV, Karpenko EA, Inozemtseva LS, Seredenina TS, Levitskaya NG, Novosadova EV, Andreeva LA, Grivennikov IA, Myasoedov NF, Engele J. "Semax, an Analogue of ACTH(4-7), Regulates Expression of BDNF and Its Receptor TrkB Genes after Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Rat Hippocampus." *Journal of Neurochemistry.* 2006;97(Suppl 1):82-86.
Our Semax 10mg is independently verified at 99.1% HPLC purity with full COA documentation.
Disclaimer: All information is based on published preclinical research literature and is provided for educational purposes only. Semax is sold strictly for in-vitro laboratory and research purposes. Not medical advice.
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